![]() ![]() ![]() During the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade, including the Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi. It is among the most probable locations of the ancient Land of Punt. In antiquity, Somalia was an important commercial center. Most people in the country are Muslims, the majority of them Sunni. The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic. Ethnic minorities are largely concentrated in the south. Around 85% of its residents are ethnic Somalis, who have historically inhabited the country's north. Somalia has an estimated population of around 17.1 million, of which over 2 million live in the capital and largest city Mogadishu, and has been described as Africa's most culturally homogeneous country. Hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall. ![]() Its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains, and highlands. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland. The country is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia ( Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), is a country in the Horn of Africa.
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